Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates

Mizuki Takegata; Toshinori Kitamura; Megumi Haruna; Kyoko Sakanashi; Tomoko Tanaka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

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Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates

Mizuki Takegata, Toshinori Kitamura, Megumi Haruna, Kyoko Sakanashi, Tomoko Tanaka

Published in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 31 January 2014 Published: 20 March 2014

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Abstract

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) among Japanese women after childbirth. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women in Kumamoto prefectureconsecutivelyon three occasions: late pregnancy (N = 642)andfive days (N = 416) and one month (N = 226) after delivery. Results:An exploratory factor analysis of the IES items at day 5 after childbirth yielded a two-factor structure (Intrusion and Avoidance) that was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis. The IES subscale scores were correlated with other psychological measures rated at the same time, including postpartum depressive symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and perceived difficulty of childbirth experience. The Cronbach’salphacoefficients were .83 for Intrusion and .86 for Avoidance. Test–retest reliability between day 5 and one month after childbirth was .74 for Intrusion and .71 for Avoidance. Discussion: The results provide support for the IES as a valid and reliable measure of postnatal traumatic symptoms among Japanese women.

Published in	Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
Page(s)	46-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Impact of Event Scale, Japanese, Postnatal Women, Translation, Traumatic Stress

References

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APA Style

Mizuki Takegata, Toshinori Kitamura, Megumi Haruna, Kyoko Sakanashi, Tomoko Tanaka. (2014). Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3(2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

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ACS Style

Mizuki Takegata; Toshinori Kitamura; Megumi Haruna; Kyoko Sakanashi; Tomoko Tanaka. Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2014, 3(2), 46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

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AMA Style

Mizuki Takegata, Toshinori Kitamura, Megumi Haruna, Kyoko Sakanashi, Tomoko Tanaka. Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates. Psychol Behav Sci. 2014;3(2):46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12,
  author = {Mizuki Takegata and Toshinori Kitamura and Megumi Haruna and Kyoko Sakanashi and Tomoko Tanaka},
  title = {Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates},
  journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {46-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20140302.12},
  abstract = {Introduction:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) among Japanese women after childbirth. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women in Kumamoto prefectureconsecutivelyon three occasions: late pregnancy (N = 642)andfive days (N = 416) and one month (N = 226) after delivery. Results:An exploratory factor analysis of the IES items at day 5 after childbirth yielded a two-factor structure (Intrusion and Avoidance) that was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis. The IES subscale scores were correlated with other psychological measures rated at the same time, including postpartum depressive symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and perceived difficulty of childbirth experience. The Cronbach’salphacoefficients were .83 for Intrusion and .86 for Avoidance. Test–retest reliability between day 5 and one month after childbirth was .74 for Intrusion and .71 for Avoidance. Discussion: The results provide support for the IES as a valid and reliable measure of postnatal traumatic symptoms among Japanese women.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates
AU  - Mizuki Takegata
AU  - Toshinori Kitamura
AU  - Megumi Haruna
AU  - Kyoko Sakanashi
AU  - Tomoko Tanaka
Y1  - 2014/03/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
SP  - 46
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7845
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
AB  - Introduction:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) among Japanese women after childbirth. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women in Kumamoto prefectureconsecutivelyon three occasions: late pregnancy (N = 642)andfive days (N = 416) and one month (N = 226) after delivery. Results:An exploratory factor analysis of the IES items at day 5 after childbirth yielded a two-factor structure (Intrusion and Avoidance) that was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis. The IES subscale scores were correlated with other psychological measures rated at the same time, including postpartum depressive symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and perceived difficulty of childbirth experience. The Cronbach’salphacoefficients were .83 for Intrusion and .86 for Avoidance. Test–retest reliability between day 5 and one month after childbirth was .74 for Intrusion and .71 for Avoidance. Discussion: The results provide support for the IES as a valid and reliable measure of postnatal traumatic symptoms among Japanese women.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Mizuki Takegata

Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Toshinori Kitamura

Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Megumi Haruna

Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Kyoko Sakanashi

Department of Women’s Health/Mother-Child Nursing, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Tomoko Tanaka

Aso Public Health Center, Kumamoto, Japan

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APA Style

Mizuki Takegata, Toshinori Kitamura, Megumi Haruna, Kyoko Sakanashi, Tomoko Tanaka. (2014). Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3(2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

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ACS Style

Mizuki Takegata; Toshinori Kitamura; Megumi Haruna; Kyoko Sakanashi; Tomoko Tanaka. Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2014, 3(2), 46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

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AMA Style

Mizuki Takegata, Toshinori Kitamura, Megumi Haruna, Kyoko Sakanashi, Tomoko Tanaka. Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates. Psychol Behav Sci. 2014;3(2):46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12,
  author = {Mizuki Takegata and Toshinori Kitamura and Megumi Haruna and Kyoko Sakanashi and Tomoko Tanaka},
  title = {Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates},
  journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {46-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20140302.12},
  abstract = {Introduction:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) among Japanese women after childbirth. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women in Kumamoto prefectureconsecutivelyon three occasions: late pregnancy (N = 642)andfive days (N = 416) and one month (N = 226) after delivery. Results:An exploratory factor analysis of the IES items at day 5 after childbirth yielded a two-factor structure (Intrusion and Avoidance) that was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis. The IES subscale scores were correlated with other psychological measures rated at the same time, including postpartum depressive symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and perceived difficulty of childbirth experience. The Cronbach’salphacoefficients were .83 for Intrusion and .86 for Avoidance. Test–retest reliability between day 5 and one month after childbirth was .74 for Intrusion and .71 for Avoidance. Discussion: The results provide support for the IES as a valid and reliable measure of postnatal traumatic symptoms among Japanese women.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Childbirth as a Trauma: Psychometric Properties of the Impact Event Scale in Japanese Mothers of Neonates
AU  - Mizuki Takegata
AU  - Toshinori Kitamura
AU  - Megumi Haruna
AU  - Kyoko Sakanashi
AU  - Tomoko Tanaka
Y1  - 2014/03/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
SP  - 46
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7845
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20140302.12
AB  - Introduction:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) among Japanese women after childbirth. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women in Kumamoto prefectureconsecutivelyon three occasions: late pregnancy (N = 642)andfive days (N = 416) and one month (N = 226) after delivery. Results:An exploratory factor analysis of the IES items at day 5 after childbirth yielded a two-factor structure (Intrusion and Avoidance) that was cross-validated by a confirmatory factor analysis. The IES subscale scores were correlated with other psychological measures rated at the same time, including postpartum depressive symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and perceived difficulty of childbirth experience. The Cronbach’salphacoefficients were .83 for Intrusion and .86 for Avoidance. Test–retest reliability between day 5 and one month after childbirth was .74 for Intrusion and .71 for Avoidance. Discussion: The results provide support for the IES as a valid and reliable measure of postnatal traumatic symptoms among Japanese women.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download