Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle; Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu; Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka; Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

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Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle, Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu, Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka, Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu

Published in International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 2 January 2020 Accepted: 8 January 2020 Published: 31 December 2020

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Abstract

This paper proposes method for generation of electricity using human waste. The human waste was subjected to anaerobic digestion in the biodigester which was taken to be the septic tank with little modification to enhance biogas production and collection. Biogas produced and collected was subjected to treatment to remove CO₂ and H₂S which were the major corrosive contaminants principally present in the raw biogas stream in order to prepare it as inlet gas for the gas turbine plant. Both single and combine cycle gas turbines were evaluated based on their capacities and electrical power output from unit volume of biomethane gas. FUTO NNDC Hostel with a capacity of 696 students was taken as case study. From the results, it was realised that a total biogas volume of 35 m³ was produced daily from the NDDC hostel. This gave a total biomethane volume after treatment of 22.75 m³. When this biomethane volume was used for electricity generation, it produced an electrical power of 5.21 KW per day for combine cycle gas turbine and 3.22 KW per day for single cycle gas turbine. The results on power usage reveals that the power generated from the NDDC hostel per day will serve the electrical energy needs of 626 households using a daily electrical energy of 0.2kwh if CCGT was used for power generation, and a total of 387 households using the same energy needs of 0.2kWh if single cycle gas turbine were used for power generation.

Published in	International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
Page(s)	85-96
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Human Waste, Electricity, Biogas, Biomass, Biodigester

References

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[2]	Onwuka, E. I, Iledare, O. O, Echendu, J. C (2016). Gas-to-Power in Nigeria: The burden on natural gas. Paper presented at the SPE Nigeria annual international conference and exhibition Lagos, Nigeria.
[3]	Abarghaz, Y. et al., (2011) "Evaluation of formulas to calculate biogas production under Moroccan conditions," Sustainable Sanitation Practice.
[4]	Jha, P, K. (2015). Recycling and Reuse of Human Excreta from public toilets through biogas generation to improve sanitation, community health and environment. International academy of environmental sanitation, Mahavir Enclave, New Delhi, India.
[5]	Fricke K., Santen H. and Wallmann R. (2005). Comparison of selected aerobic and anaerobic procedures for MSW treatment. Waste Management, 25: 799–810.
[6]	Hassan, K., Adesola, S., Oladele, J. (2018). Redesigning Circular Septic System of Residential Buildings in Nigeria for Electricity Generation. Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 1, Issue 2, 254-263.
[7]	Modi, P. N. (2011) ‘Sewage Treatment and Disposal and Wastewater Engineering’ 3rd Ed., Standard book House, Delhi, India.
[8]	Mawufemo, M. (2014). Design of Biogas Septic tanks for treating domestic sewage. Master Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Accra, Ghana. Pg 32.
[9]	Rajendran, Karthik, Solmaz Aslanzadeh and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh (2012), ‘Household Biogas Digesters—A Review’, Energies, 5: 2911-2942.
[10]	Kipyegon, B. I. Biogas use in Power Generation (2011). Project submitted to the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nairobi, Nairobi.
[11]	Schuster-Wallace C. J., C. Wild and C. Metcalfe (2015), ‘Valuing Human Waste as an Energy Resource: A Research Brief Assessing the Global Wealth in Waste’, Hamilton: United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH).
[12]	Vögeli Y., C. R. Lohri, A. Gallardo, S. Diener and C. Zurbrügg (2014), ‘Anaerobic Digestion of Biowaste in Developing Countries: Practical Information and Case Studies’, Dübendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag).
[13]	Langerak, J., Dekker, H. and Dirkse, E. H. M. (2019). Biogas to bio methane conversion technologies. (DMT Environmental Technology). http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/biomethane-utilization/
[14]	Lems, R. D. E. (2012). Next generation biogas upgrading using high selective gas separation membranes. 17th European Bio-solids Organic Resources Conference. Leeds: Aqua Enviro Technology.
[15]	Lems, R. E. D. (2010). Making pressurized water scrubbing the ultimate biogas upgrading technology with the DMT TS-PWS® system. Energy from Biomass and Waste UK. London: EBW-UK.
[16]	Sectional diagram of CCGT turbine (2019), https://www.researchgate.net/figure. Accessed 10th September, 7:41 am.
[17]	Electricity from biogas (2019). https://www.bios-bioenergy.at/en/electricity-from-biomass/orc-process.html. Accessed 10th September, 7:31 am.
[18]	Andriania D., Wrestaa, A, Saepudina, A and Prawara, B. (2015). A review of recycling of human excreta to energy through biogas generation: Indonesia case. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application, ICSEEA 2014, Bandung, Indonesia.

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APA Style

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle, Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu, Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka, Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu. (2020). Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 9(4), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

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ACS Style

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle; Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu; Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka; Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu. Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2020, 9(4), 85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

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AMA Style

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle, Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu, Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka, Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu. Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2020;9(4):85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12,
  author = {Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle and Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu and Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka and Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu},
  title = {Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20200904.12},
  abstract = {This paper proposes method for generation of electricity using human waste. The human waste was subjected to anaerobic digestion in the biodigester which was taken to be the septic tank with little modification to enhance biogas production and collection. Biogas produced and collected was subjected to treatment to remove CO2 and H2S which were the major corrosive contaminants principally present in the raw biogas stream in order to prepare it as inlet gas for the gas turbine plant. Both single and combine cycle gas turbines were evaluated based on their capacities and electrical power output from unit volume of biomethane gas. FUTO NNDC Hostel with a capacity of 696 students was taken as case study. From the results, it was realised that a total biogas volume of 35 m3 was produced daily from the NDDC hostel. This gave a total biomethane volume after treatment of 22.75 m3. When this biomethane volume was used for electricity generation, it produced an electrical power of 5.21 KW per day for combine cycle gas turbine and 3.22 KW per day for single cycle gas turbine. The results on power usage reveals that the power generated from the NDDC hostel per day will serve the electrical energy needs of 626 households using a daily electrical energy of 0.2kwh if CCGT was used for power generation, and a total of 387 households using the same energy needs of 0.2kWh if single cycle gas turbine were used for power generation.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria
AU  - Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle
AU  - Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu
AU  - Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka
AU  - Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu
Y1  - 2020/12/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 85
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
AB  - This paper proposes method for generation of electricity using human waste. The human waste was subjected to anaerobic digestion in the biodigester which was taken to be the septic tank with little modification to enhance biogas production and collection. Biogas produced and collected was subjected to treatment to remove CO2 and H2S which were the major corrosive contaminants principally present in the raw biogas stream in order to prepare it as inlet gas for the gas turbine plant. Both single and combine cycle gas turbines were evaluated based on their capacities and electrical power output from unit volume of biomethane gas. FUTO NNDC Hostel with a capacity of 696 students was taken as case study. From the results, it was realised that a total biogas volume of 35 m3 was produced daily from the NDDC hostel. This gave a total biomethane volume after treatment of 22.75 m3. When this biomethane volume was used for electricity generation, it produced an electrical power of 5.21 KW per day for combine cycle gas turbine and 3.22 KW per day for single cycle gas turbine. The results on power usage reveals that the power generated from the NDDC hostel per day will serve the electrical energy needs of 626 households using a daily electrical energy of 0.2kwh if CCGT was used for power generation, and a total of 387 households using the same energy needs of 0.2kWh if single cycle gas turbine were used for power generation.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria
Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria
Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria
Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Nigeria

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APA Style

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle, Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu, Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka, Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu. (2020). Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 9(4), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

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ACS Style

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle; Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu; Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka; Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu. Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2020, 9(4), 85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

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AMA Style

Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle, Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu, Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka, Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu. Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2020;9(4):85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12,
  author = {Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle and Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu and Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka and Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu},
  title = {Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20200904.12},
  abstract = {This paper proposes method for generation of electricity using human waste. The human waste was subjected to anaerobic digestion in the biodigester which was taken to be the septic tank with little modification to enhance biogas production and collection. Biogas produced and collected was subjected to treatment to remove CO2 and H2S which were the major corrosive contaminants principally present in the raw biogas stream in order to prepare it as inlet gas for the gas turbine plant. Both single and combine cycle gas turbines were evaluated based on their capacities and electrical power output from unit volume of biomethane gas. FUTO NNDC Hostel with a capacity of 696 students was taken as case study. From the results, it was realised that a total biogas volume of 35 m3 was produced daily from the NDDC hostel. This gave a total biomethane volume after treatment of 22.75 m3. When this biomethane volume was used for electricity generation, it produced an electrical power of 5.21 KW per day for combine cycle gas turbine and 3.22 KW per day for single cycle gas turbine. The results on power usage reveals that the power generated from the NDDC hostel per day will serve the electrical energy needs of 626 households using a daily electrical energy of 0.2kwh if CCGT was used for power generation, and a total of 387 households using the same energy needs of 0.2kWh if single cycle gas turbine were used for power generation.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Production of Electricity from Human Waste as a Strategy for Curbing Electricity Generation Problem in Nigeria
AU  - Nwogu Ngozi Claribelle
AU  - Izuwa Nkemakolam Chinedu
AU  - Ohia Princewill Nnaemeka
AU  - Ekwueme Stanley Toochukwu
Y1  - 2020/12/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 85
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.12
AB  - This paper proposes method for generation of electricity using human waste. The human waste was subjected to anaerobic digestion in the biodigester which was taken to be the septic tank with little modification to enhance biogas production and collection. Biogas produced and collected was subjected to treatment to remove CO2 and H2S which were the major corrosive contaminants principally present in the raw biogas stream in order to prepare it as inlet gas for the gas turbine plant. Both single and combine cycle gas turbines were evaluated based on their capacities and electrical power output from unit volume of biomethane gas. FUTO NNDC Hostel with a capacity of 696 students was taken as case study. From the results, it was realised that a total biogas volume of 35 m3 was produced daily from the NDDC hostel. This gave a total biomethane volume after treatment of 22.75 m3. When this biomethane volume was used for electricity generation, it produced an electrical power of 5.21 KW per day for combine cycle gas turbine and 3.22 KW per day for single cycle gas turbine. The results on power usage reveals that the power generated from the NDDC hostel per day will serve the electrical energy needs of 626 households using a daily electrical energy of 0.2kwh if CCGT was used for power generation, and a total of 387 households using the same energy needs of 0.2kWh if single cycle gas turbine were used for power generation.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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