Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Vivan Ezra Lekwot; Yakubu Mohammed Tukur; Michael Kingsley Balasom; Ya’u Hussaini; Ishaya Musa; Shehu Bako Makarau

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Vivan Ezra Lekwot, Yakubu Mohammed Tukur, Michael Kingsley Balasom, Ya’u Hussaini, Ishaya Musa, Shehu Bako Makarau

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 16 April 2014 Accepted: 22 April 2014 Published: 30 April 2014

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Abstract

The environment is considered as man’s important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012 - 2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
Page(s)	117-122
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environment, Emission, Soil Properties, Fertility, Refinery Operations

References

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[2]	Dewis, J. & Frietas, F. (1990). Physical and chemical methods of soil and water analysis. In: Soils Bulletin.Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Rome, 212-234pp.
[3]	FAO (2000) The Challenges of Sustainable Forestry Development in Africa: Twenty-First FAO Regional Conference for Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon, 21-25 February 2000, FAO, Rome.
[4]	Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, FAO (2003). Compendium of Agricultural – Environmental Indicators 1989-91 to 2000. Rome: FAO.
[5]	Habib, M. A. B., Yusoff, S. M., Phang, S. M., Kamarudin, M. S. & Mohmed, S. (1998). Chemical Characteristics and Essential Nutrients of Agro-industrial Effluents in Malaysia. Asian Fisheries, 11, 279-286.
[6]	Mortimore, M. (2000) Caring for the Soil, Agricultural Expansion, Population Growth, and Natural Resource Degradation in the Sahel. In: Falola JA, Ahmed K, Liman, MA, Maiwada A (eds) Proceedings of the National Workshop on Land Administration and Development in Northern Nigeria, pp 135-149. Department of Geography, BUK, Kano.
[7]	Muhammad, A. A. (2006), Environmental Impact Assessment of Kaduna Refinery on the Rido Region of Kaduna Metropolis. An Unpublished Ph.D Thesis submitted to the Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.
[8]	Niemeijer, D, Mazzucato, V. (2002) Soil Degradation in the West African Sahel: How Serious is it? Environment 44(2):20-31.
[9]	Obire, O. & Nwanbet, O. (2002). Effects of refined Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Soil Physicochemical and Bacteriological Characteristics. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 6(1), 39-44.
[10]	Okerentugba, P.O. and Ezeronye, O. U. (2003). Petroleum Degrading Potential of Single and Mixed Microbial Cultures Isolated From Rivers and Refinery Effluents in Nigeria. African Journal Biotechnology, 2(9), 288-292.
[11]	Okpokwasili, G.C.and Amanchukwu, S.C. (1988). Petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by Candida species. Environmental International, 14, 243-247.
[12]	Scoones, I, and Toulmin, (1998) Soil Nutrient Budget and Balances: What Use for Policy. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 71(1-2-3):255-268.
[13]	Vivan, E. L, Blamah, N.V and Ezemokwe, I.U(2012). Socio-Economic Impact of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Rido area Kaduna metropolis. Journal of Environmental Management and Safety. 3 (5): 124-139.

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APA Style

Vivan Ezra Lekwot, Yakubu Mohammed Tukur, Michael Kingsley Balasom, Ya’u Hussaini, Ishaya Musa, et al. (2014). Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(2), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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ACS Style

Vivan Ezra Lekwot; Yakubu Mohammed Tukur; Michael Kingsley Balasom; Ya’u Hussaini; Ishaya Musa, et al. Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(2), 117-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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AMA Style

Vivan Ezra Lekwot, Yakubu Mohammed Tukur, Michael Kingsley Balasom, Ya’u Hussaini, Ishaya Musa, et al. Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(2):117-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19,
  author = {Vivan Ezra Lekwot and Yakubu Mohammed Tukur and Michael Kingsley Balasom and Ya’u Hussaini and Ishaya Musa and Shehu Bako Makarau},
  title = {Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20140202.19},
  abstract = {The environment is considered as man’s important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012 - 2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
AU  - Vivan Ezra Lekwot
AU  - Yakubu Mohammed Tukur
AU  - Michael Kingsley Balasom
AU  - Ya’u Hussaini
AU  - Ishaya Musa
AU  - Shehu Bako Makarau
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
AB  - The environment is considered as man’s important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012 - 2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Vivan Ezra Lekwot

Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Yakubu Mohammed Tukur

Department of Basic Science and General Studies, Federal College of Forestry, Jos , Plateau State, Nigeria
Michael Kingsley Balasom

Department of Urban and Regional Planning Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
Ya’u Hussaini

Department of Basic Science and General Studies, Federal College of Forestry, Jos , Plateau State, Nigeria
Ishaya Musa

Department of Pest management Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Shehu Bako Makarau

Deparment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Kaduna State University, Nigeria

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APA Style

Vivan Ezra Lekwot, Yakubu Mohammed Tukur, Michael Kingsley Balasom, Ya’u Hussaini, Ishaya Musa, et al. (2014). Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(2), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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ACS Style

Vivan Ezra Lekwot; Yakubu Mohammed Tukur; Michael Kingsley Balasom; Ya’u Hussaini; Ishaya Musa, et al. Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(2), 117-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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AMA Style

Vivan Ezra Lekwot, Yakubu Mohammed Tukur, Michael Kingsley Balasom, Ya’u Hussaini, Ishaya Musa, et al. Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(2):117-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19,
  author = {Vivan Ezra Lekwot and Yakubu Mohammed Tukur and Michael Kingsley Balasom and Ya’u Hussaini and Ishaya Musa and Shehu Bako Makarau},
  title = {Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {117-122},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20140202.19},
  abstract = {The environment is considered as man’s important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012 - 2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Emissions from Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on Soil Fertility in Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
AU  - Vivan Ezra Lekwot
AU  - Yakubu Mohammed Tukur
AU  - Michael Kingsley Balasom
AU  - Ya’u Hussaini
AU  - Ishaya Musa
AU  - Shehu Bako Makarau
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.19
AB  - The environment is considered as man’s important asset that must be protected for his life support. Regrettably, the situation is different where oil refinery and petrochemical plants operate. Environmental pollution in the form of emissions and effluent discharge in these areas poses serious threat to the ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. This paper, therefore, takes a look at the refinery operations in Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The study collected soil samples using soil Auger at 500 metres interval along four (4) transects in two years (i.e 2012 - 2013) and both in the wet and dry season of each year. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis and emphasis placed on those soil properties directly affecting soil fertility status which are: water holding capacity, soil acidity, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), micro nutrients (Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur), the results from the laboratory analysis on those properties affecting soil fertility were compared with National standard (maximum permissible limits) on those properties and discovers soil contaminations with liquid gaseous and solid waste disposal from the refinery. Policy recommendations are set forth based on research findings with a view to minimizing the effects of emissions from the Refining plants and Petrochemical complex on the environmental components particularly soil in the study area.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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