Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran

Zahra Najm; Nastaran Keyhani; Khalil Rezaei; Ali Naeimi Nezamabad; Seyed Hamid Vaziri

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

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Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran

Zahra Najm, Nastaran Keyhani, Khalil Rezaei, Ali Naeimi Nezamabad, Seyed Hamid Vaziri

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Published: 20 February 2013

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Abstract

Watershed degradation due to soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the major environmental problems in Iran. With respect to the relatively suitable compatibility of MPSIAC model to the arid and semiarid conditions of Iran and lack of hydrometric station in region, we employed the "modified PSIAC model" to estimating of sediment yield and providing sediment yield map in these sub-watersheds. The MPSIAC method incorporates nine environmental factors that contribute to sediment yield of the watershed, this factors are: surface geology, soil, climate, runoff, topography, ground cover, land use, channel and upland erosion. Open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to facilitate the spatial interpolation of the nine model factors and interpretation of predicted sediment yield for the entire watersheds. At first, to enter the available raw data into the GIS framework we digitized the nine factors of maps. In the second stage, digitized maps were encoded with respect to the values of each factor and then these factors of maps were summed together, and finally sedimentation score map was provided. We applied (QS) equation on the sedimentation score map and finally related map was obtained. Various formations basically contain Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerate and tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly, weathered Tuff and alluvial diposites parts of sub-watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karaj and Quaternary sediments. Based on sediment yield map of MPSIAC model, more than 75% of the total sub-watersheds area was classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as 769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year for each Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC model, respectively. Linear regression analysis between MPSIAC model results and two of most influencing factors on erosion, the geology and soil erodibility indicated that there was a significant correlation. The results of this paper suggested that the model is suitable for predicting yearly average sediment yield of the Iranian watersheds with similar conditions.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
Page(s)	14-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

MPSIAC, GIS, Erosion, Sediment Yield, Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds

References

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APA Style

Zahra Najm, Nastaran Keyhani, Khalil Rezaei, Ali Naeimi Nezamabad, Seyed Hamid Vaziri. (2013). Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran. Earth Sciences, 2(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

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ACS Style

Zahra Najm; Nastaran Keyhani; Khalil Rezaei; Ali Naeimi Nezamabad; Seyed Hamid Vaziri. Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran. Earth Sci. 2013, 2(1), 14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

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AMA Style

Zahra Najm, Nastaran Keyhani, Khalil Rezaei, Ali Naeimi Nezamabad, Seyed Hamid Vaziri. Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran. Earth Sci. 2013;2(1):14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13,
  author = {Zahra Najm and Nastaran Keyhani and Khalil Rezaei and Ali Naeimi Nezamabad and Seyed Hamid Vaziri},
  title = {Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20130201.13},
  abstract = {Watershed degradation due to soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the major environmental problems in Iran. With respect to the relatively suitable compatibility of MPSIAC model to the arid and semiarid conditions of Iran and lack of hydrometric station in region, we employed the "modified PSIAC model" to estimating of sediment yield and providing sediment yield map in these sub-watersheds. The MPSIAC method incorporates nine environmental factors that contribute to sediment yield of the watershed, this factors are: surface geology, soil, climate, runoff, topography, ground cover, land use, channel and upland erosion. Open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to facilitate the spatial interpolation of the nine model factors and interpretation of predicted sediment yield for the entire watersheds. At first, to enter the available raw data into the GIS framework we digitized the nine factors of maps. In the second stage, digitized maps were encoded with respect to the values of each factor and then these factors of maps were summed together, and finally sedimentation score map was provided. We applied (QS) equation on the sedimentation score map and finally related map was obtained. Various formations basically contain Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerate and tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly, weathered Tuff and alluvial diposites parts of sub-watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karaj and Quaternary sediments. Based on sediment yield map of MPSIAC model, more than 75% of the total sub-watersheds area was classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as 769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year for each Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC model, respectively. Linear regression analysis between MPSIAC model results and two of most influencing factors on erosion, the geology and soil erodibility indicated that there was a significant correlation. The results of this paper suggested that the model is suitable for predicting yearly average sediment yield of the Iranian watersheds with similar conditions.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran
AU  - Zahra Najm
AU  - Nastaran Keyhani
AU  - Khalil Rezaei
AU  - Ali Naeimi Nezamabad
AU  - Seyed Hamid Vaziri
Y1  - 2013/02/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
AB  - Watershed degradation due to soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the major environmental problems in Iran. With respect to the relatively suitable compatibility of MPSIAC model to the arid and semiarid conditions of Iran and lack of hydrometric station in region, we employed the "modified PSIAC model" to estimating of sediment yield and providing sediment yield map in these sub-watersheds. The MPSIAC method incorporates nine environmental factors that contribute to sediment yield of the watershed, this factors are: surface geology, soil, climate, runoff, topography, ground cover, land use, channel and upland erosion. Open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to facilitate the spatial interpolation of the nine model factors and interpretation of predicted sediment yield for the entire watersheds. At first, to enter the available raw data into the GIS framework we digitized the nine factors of maps. In the second stage, digitized maps were encoded with respect to the values of each factor and then these factors of maps were summed together, and finally sedimentation score map was provided. We applied (QS) equation on the sedimentation score map and finally related map was obtained. Various formations basically contain Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerate and tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly, weathered Tuff and alluvial diposites parts of sub-watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karaj and Quaternary sediments. Based on sediment yield map of MPSIAC model, more than 75% of the total sub-watersheds area was classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as 769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year for each Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC model, respectively. Linear regression analysis between MPSIAC model results and two of most influencing factors on erosion, the geology and soil erodibility indicated that there was a significant correlation. The results of this paper suggested that the model is suitable for predicting yearly average sediment yield of the Iranian watersheds with similar conditions.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Zahra Najm

MS.c, Dept. Geology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Nastaran Keyhani

MS.c, Dept. Geology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Khalil Rezaei

Assistant Professor, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Ali Naeimi Nezamabad

Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran
Seyed Hamid Vaziri

Professor, Dept. Geology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

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APA Style

Zahra Najm, Nastaran Keyhani, Khalil Rezaei, Ali Naeimi Nezamabad, Seyed Hamid Vaziri. (2013). Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran. Earth Sciences, 2(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

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ACS Style

Zahra Najm; Nastaran Keyhani; Khalil Rezaei; Ali Naeimi Nezamabad; Seyed Hamid Vaziri. Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran. Earth Sci. 2013, 2(1), 14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

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AMA Style

Zahra Najm, Nastaran Keyhani, Khalil Rezaei, Ali Naeimi Nezamabad, Seyed Hamid Vaziri. Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran. Earth Sci. 2013;2(1):14-22. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13,
  author = {Zahra Najm and Nastaran Keyhani and Khalil Rezaei and Ali Naeimi Nezamabad and Seyed Hamid Vaziri},
  title = {Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20130201.13},
  abstract = {Watershed degradation due to soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the major environmental problems in Iran. With respect to the relatively suitable compatibility of MPSIAC model to the arid and semiarid conditions of Iran and lack of hydrometric station in region, we employed the "modified PSIAC model" to estimating of sediment yield and providing sediment yield map in these sub-watersheds. The MPSIAC method incorporates nine environmental factors that contribute to sediment yield of the watershed, this factors are: surface geology, soil, climate, runoff, topography, ground cover, land use, channel and upland erosion. Open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to facilitate the spatial interpolation of the nine model factors and interpretation of predicted sediment yield for the entire watersheds. At first, to enter the available raw data into the GIS framework we digitized the nine factors of maps. In the second stage, digitized maps were encoded with respect to the values of each factor and then these factors of maps were summed together, and finally sedimentation score map was provided. We applied (QS) equation on the sedimentation score map and finally related map was obtained. Various formations basically contain Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerate and tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly, weathered Tuff and alluvial diposites parts of sub-watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karaj and Quaternary sediments. Based on sediment yield map of MPSIAC model, more than 75% of the total sub-watersheds area was classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as 769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year for each Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC model, respectively. Linear regression analysis between MPSIAC model results and two of most influencing factors on erosion, the geology and soil erodibility indicated that there was a significant correlation. The results of this paper suggested that the model is suitable for predicting yearly average sediment yield of the Iranian watersheds with similar conditions.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sediment Yield and Soil Erosion Assessment by Using an Empirical Model of MPSIAC for Afjeh & Lavarak Sub-Watersheds, Iran
AU  - Zahra Najm
AU  - Nastaran Keyhani
AU  - Khalil Rezaei
AU  - Ali Naeimi Nezamabad
AU  - Seyed Hamid Vaziri
Y1  - 2013/02/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130201.13
AB  - Watershed degradation due to soil erosion and sedimentation is one of the major environmental problems in Iran. With respect to the relatively suitable compatibility of MPSIAC model to the arid and semiarid conditions of Iran and lack of hydrometric station in region, we employed the "modified PSIAC model" to estimating of sediment yield and providing sediment yield map in these sub-watersheds. The MPSIAC method incorporates nine environmental factors that contribute to sediment yield of the watershed, this factors are: surface geology, soil, climate, runoff, topography, ground cover, land use, channel and upland erosion. Open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to facilitate the spatial interpolation of the nine model factors and interpretation of predicted sediment yield for the entire watersheds. At first, to enter the available raw data into the GIS framework we digitized the nine factors of maps. In the second stage, digitized maps were encoded with respect to the values of each factor and then these factors of maps were summed together, and finally sedimentation score map was provided. We applied (QS) equation on the sedimentation score map and finally related map was obtained. Various formations basically contain Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerate and tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly, weathered Tuff and alluvial diposites parts of sub-watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karaj and Quaternary sediments. Based on sediment yield map of MPSIAC model, more than 75% of the total sub-watersheds area was classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as 769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year for each Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC model, respectively. Linear regression analysis between MPSIAC model results and two of most influencing factors on erosion, the geology and soil erodibility indicated that there was a significant correlation. The results of this paper suggested that the model is suitable for predicting yearly average sediment yield of the Iranian watersheds with similar conditions.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download