The chromium mesoporous materials have been used in many catalytic reactions. Some studies have been devoted to determining the nature of chromium species and to characterizing the chemical structure. The different chromium species depend on synthetic methods and the support used. In this work we prepared mesoporous SBA-15 supported chromium materials referred to in this document as xCrSBA-15, was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption isotherms, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform IR (FT-IR). Chromium in SBA-15 forms different types of chromates and Cr2O3, causing morphological and textural changes and generating different catalytic centers. The catalytic conversion of 2-propanol to xCrSBA-15 materials were carried out by in a quartz reactor with a loading of 30 mg of the material at 300°C. Before the catalytic test, the material was activated in two ways: with N2 and reduced at a H2/Ar flow (MxCrSBA-15). The catalytic conversion of 2-propanol to xCrSBA-15 did not increase with reduction (MxCrSBA-15) but decreased deactivation. All the materials had an acidic behavior, which is related to the chromate species in the materials. These results suggest that the more acidic materials favor the formation of coke during the deactivation process, and coke reduces the Cr3+ to Cr2+ species, thus decreasing the acidity of the materials.
| Published in | Advances in Materials (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.am.20200903.11 |
| Page(s) | 42-49 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Mesoporous Silica SBA-15, Chromates, Reduced Chromium, 2-Propanol Decomposition
| [1] | Taguchi, A. and F. Schüth (2005). Ordered mesoporous materials in catalysis. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 77: 1-45 (2005). |
| [2] | Pastore, H. O., Coluccia, S., Marchese, L. (2005). Porous Aluminophosphates: From Molecular Sieves to Designed Acid Catalysts. Annual Review of Materials Research, 35: 351-395. |
| [3] | Chen, S. Y., Tang, C. Y., Chuang, W. T., Lee, J. J., Tsai, Y. L., Chan, J. C. C., Lin, C. Y., Liu, Y. C. and Cheng, S. (2008). A Facile Route to Synthesizing Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 Materials with Platelet Morphology and Short Mesochannels. Chemistry Materials 20 (12): 3906-3916. |
| [4] | Wu, Z. and Zhao, D. (2011). Ordered Mesoporous Materials as Adsorbents. Chemical Communications, 47: 3332-3338. |
| [5] | Zhao, D., Sun, J., Li, Q. and Stucky, G. D. (2000). Morphological control of highly ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15. Chemistry of Materials, 12: 275–279. |
| [6] | Kuśtrowski, P., Chmielarz, L., Dziembaj, R., Cool, P. and Vansant, E. F. (2005). Modification of MCM-48-, SBA-15-, MCF-, and MSU-type Mesoporous Silicas with Transition Metal Oxides Using the Molecular Designed Dispersion Method. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109 (23): 11552-11558. |
| [7] | Zhao, X. and Wang, X. (2007). Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of Cr–SBA-1 mesoporous molecular sieves. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 261 (2): 225-231. |
| [8] | Gallo, J. M. R., Bisio, C., Gatti, G., Marchese, L. and Pastore, L. O. H. (2010). Physicochemical characterization and surface acid properties of mesoporous Al-SBA-15 obtained by direct synthesis. Langmuir, 26: 5791–5800. |
| [9] | Lei, Z. B., Bai, S. Y., Dang, L. Q., Xia H. A., Xu, Q., Cao, Y. D., An, L. Z., Zhao, M. Y., Lo, A. Y. and Liu, S. B. (2009). Fe2O3/SBA-15 catalyst synthesized by chemical vapor infiltration for Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 123, 306–313. |
| [10] | Zhu, S. M., Zhang, D., Zhang, X. C., Zhang, L., Ma, X. W., Zhang, Y. L. and Cai, M. (2009). Sonochemical incorporation of nanosized TiO2 inside mesoporous silica with high photocatalytic performance. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 126: 20–25. |
| [11] | Weckhuysen, B. M., Wachs, I. E. and R. A. Schoonheydt, R. A. (1996). Surface Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Chromium in Inorganic Oxides. Chemical Reviews, 96: 3327-3350. |
| [12] | Shi, X., Ji, S. and Wang, K. (2008). Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with carbon dioxide over Cr–Ce/SBA-15 catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 125: 331-339. |
| [13] | Chmielarz, L., Kuśtrowski, P., Kruszec, M., Dziembaj, R., Cool, E. F and Vansant, J. (2005). Nitrous oxide reduction with ammonia and methane over mesoporous silica materials modified with transition metal oxides. Journal of Porous Materials, 12: 183-191. |
| [14] | Zhang, W. and Pinnavaia, T. J. (1996). Transition metal substituted derivatives of cubic MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves. Catalysis Letters, 38: 261-265. |
| [15] | Shylesh, S., Samuel, P. P. and Singh, A. P. (2007). Chromium-containing small pore mesoporous silicas: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic behavior in the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane. Applied Catalysis A: General, 318: 128-136. |
| [16] | McDaniel, M. P. (1981). The state of Cr (VI) on the Cr/Silica polymerization catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 67 (1): 71-76. |
| [17] | Zhang, X., Yue, Y. and Gao, Z. (2002). Chromium oxide supported on mesoporous SBA-15 as propane dehydrogenation and oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 83, 19-25. |
| [18] | Calles, J. A., Carrero, A., Vizcaíno, A. J. and P. J. Megía P. J. (2018). Agglomerated Co-Cr/SBA-15 catalysts for hydrogen production trought acetic acid steam reforming. 16th International Conference on Clean Energy. |
| [19] | Ali Bashah, N. A., Luin, A., Jalaluddin, I. A., Shahhaizad, I. A., Ismail, N. F. and Wan Kamis. W. Z. (2019). Characteristics of chromium based mixed oxide catalyst in biodiesel production. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1349: 012143. |
| [20] | Cuesta Zapata, P. M., Nazzarro, M. S., Parentis, M. L., Gonzo, E. E. and Bonini, N. A. (2013). Effect of hydrothermal treatment on Cr-SiO2 mesoporous materials. Chemical Engineering Science, 101: 374-381. |
| [21] | Turek, W., Haber, J. and Krowiak, A. (2005). Dehydration of isopropyl alcohol used as an indicator of the type and strength of catalyst acid centres. Applied Surface Science, 252: 823–827. |
| [22] | Chen, X., Shen, Y. F., Suib, S. L. and O’Young, C. L. (2001). Catalytic decomposition of 2-propanol over different metal-cation-doped OMS-2 materials. Journal of Catalysis, 197: 292–302. |
| [23] | Fahim, R. B., Zaki, M. I. and Gabr, R. M. (1982). The catalytic decomposition of 2-propanol on calcined chromia: the nature of the active sites. Applied Catalysis, 4: 189-200. |
| [24] | Richter, M. and Öhlmann, G. (1985). Influence of Cr loading on the catalytic properties of CrO3/SiO2 catalyts in 2-propanol conversion. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 29: 211-218. |
| [25] | Ilyas, M., Shah, S., Nigar, R. and Khan, H. (1994). Conversion of lsopropyl Alcohol to Acetone Catalysed by Cr2O3 at 473 K: Role of Molecular Oxygen. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 90: 2413-2415. |
| [26] | Bautista, F. M., Campelo, J. M., Garcia, A., Luna, D., Marinas, J., Romero, A. A. and Urbano, M. R. (1995). Conversion of 2-propanol over chromium aluminum orthophosphates. Catalysis Letters, 35: 143-154. |
| [27] | Trejda, M., Wojtaszek, A., Ziolek, M. and Kujawa, J. (2009). Various hexagonally ordered mesoporous silicas as supports for chromium species—The effect of support on surface properties. Applied Catalysis A: General, 365: 135–140. |
| [28] | Wang, Y., Ohishi, Y., Shishido, T., Zhang, Q., Yang, W., Guo, Q., Wan, H. and Takehira, K. J. (2003). Characterizations and catalytic properties of Cr-MCM-41 prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis and template-ion exchange. Journal of Catalysis, 220: 347–357. |
| [29] | Gómez-Cazalilla, M., Mérida-Robles, J. M., Gurbani, A., Rodríguez-Castellón, E. and Jiménez-López, A. (2007). Characterization and acidic properties of Al-SBA-15 materials prepared by post-synthesis alumination of a low-cost ordered mesoporous silica. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 180: 1130–1140. |
| [30] | Mimura, N., Okamoto, M., Yamashita, H., S. T. Oyama, S. T. and Murata, K. (2006). Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane over Cr/ZSM-5 Catalysts Using CO2 as an Oxidant. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110 (43): 21764-21770. |
| [31] | Shupack, S. I (1991). The Chemistry of Chromium and Some Resulting Analytical Problems. Environmental Health Perspectives, 92: 7-11. |
| [32] | Wang, G., Zhang, L., Deng, J., Dai, H., He, H. and Au, C. T. (2009). Preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of chromia supported on SBA-15 for the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutene. Applied Catalysis A: General, 355: 192–201. |
| [33] | Zhang, L., Zhao, Y., Dai, H., He, H. and C. T. Au, C. T. (2008). A comparative investigation on the properties of Cr-SBA-15 and CrOx/SBA-15. Catalysis Today, 131: 42–54. |
| [34] | Liu, Y. M., Cao, Y., Yi, N., Feng, W. L., Dai, W. L., Yan, S. R., He, H. Y. and Fan, K. N. (2004). Vanadium oxide supported on mesoporous SBA-15 as highly selective catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Journal of Catalysis, 224, 417–428. |
| [35] | Kumar, M. S., Hammer, N., Rønning, M., Holmen, A., Chen, D., Walmsley, J. C. and G. Øye, G. (2009). The nature of active chromium species in Cr-catalysts for dehydrogenation of propane: New insights by a comprehensive spectroscopic study. Journal of Catalysis, 261: 116–128. |
| [36] | Zhao, D., Feng, J., Huo, V. Q., Melosh, N., Fredrickson, G. H., Chmelka, B. F. and G. D. Stucky. (1998). Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores. Science, 279, 548-552. |
| [37] | Charan, P. H. K. and G. R. Rao, G. R. (2015). Textural and morphological studies of transition metal doped SBA-15 by co-condensation method. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 127: 909-919. |
| [38] | Liu, H., Li, Y., Wu, H., Takayama, H., Miyake, T. and He, D. (2012). Effects of β-cyclodextrin modification on properties of Ni/SBA-15 and its catalytic performance in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Catalysis Communications, 28: 168-173. |
| [39] | McMurdie H., Morris, M., Evans, E., Paertzkin, B.,Ng-Wong, W., Zhang, Y. and C. R. Hubbard, C. R. (1987). Standard X-ray diffraction powder patterns from the JCPDS research associateship, Power Diffraction, 2: 41–52. |
| [40] | Gómez-Cazalilla, M., Infantes-Molina, A., Moreno-Tost, R., Maireles-Torres, P. J. Mérida-Robles, J., Rodríguez-Castellón, E. and Jiménez-López, A. (2009). Al-SBA-15 as a support of catalysts based on chromium sulfide for sulfur removal. Catalysis Today, 143: 137–144. |
| [41] | Basaldella, E. I., Tara, J. C., Aguilar, Armenta, G. and Patiño, Iglesias, M. E. (2007). Cu/SBA-15 as adsorbent for propane/propylene separation. Journal of Porous Materials, 14: 273-278. |
| [42] | Gregg, S. L. and Sing, K. S. W. (1982). Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, 2nd edn., Academic Press INC, London, pp. 233-234. |
| [43] | Marcus, Y. (1983). Ionic radii in aqueous solutions. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 12: 271-275. |
| [44] | Fouad, N. E. (2000). Formation of Cr (II) species in the H2/CrO3 system. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 60: 541–547. |
| [45] | Cavani, F., Koutyrev, M., Trifiro, F., Bartolini, A., Ghisletti, D., Iezzi, R., Santucci, A. (1996). Chemical and physical characterization of alumina-supported chromia-based catalysts and their activity in dehydrogenation of isobutane. Journal of Catalysis, 158, 236–250. |
| [46] | Nondek, L. and Sedláček, J. (1975). Mechanism of dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols on chromia. Journal of Catalysis, 40: 34-39. |
| [47] | Ogonowski, J. and Skrzyńska, E. (2008). Deactivation of VMgOx catalysts by coke in the process of isobutane dehydrogenation with carbon dioxide. Catalysis Letters, 121: 234-240. |
| [48] | Marakami, Y., Sawata, A. and Tsuru, Y. (1999). Crystallization behavior of amorphous solid solutions and phase separation in the Cr2O3-Fe2O3 system. Journal of Materials Science, 34, 951-955. |
| [49] | Fang, D., Zhao, J., Li, W., Fang, X., Yang, X., Ren, W. and Zhang, H. (2015). Investigation of the characteristics and deactivation of catalytic active center of Cr-Al2O3 catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 24 (1): 101-107. |
| [50] | Weckhuysen, B. M, Verberckmoes, A. A., De Baets, A. R. and Schoonheydt, R. A. (1997). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of supported chromium oxide catalysts: A self-modeling mixture analysis. Journal of Catalysis, 166: 160-171. |
| [51] | Yamashita, H., Yoshizawa, K., Ariyuki, M., Higashimoto, S., M., Che, M. and Anpo, M. (2001). Photocatalytic reactions on chromium containing mesoporous silica molecular sieves (Cr-HMS) under visible light irradiation: decomposition of NO and partial oxidation of propane. Chemical Communications, 435-436. |
| [52] | Nijhuis, T. A. Tinnemans, S. T., Visser, T. and B. M. Weckhuysen, B. M. (2004). Towards real-time spectroscopic process control for the dehydrogenation of propane over supported chromium oxide catalysts. Chemical Engineering Science, 59: 5487-5492. |
| [53] | Weckhuysen, B. M., De Ridder, L. M. and R. A. Schoonheydt. R. A. (1993). A Quantitative Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Study of Supported Chromium Catalysts. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97: 4756-4763. |
| [54] | Botavina, M. A., Agafonov, Y. A., Gaidai, N. A., Groppo, E., Cortés Corberán, V., Lapidus, A. L. and Martra, G. (2016). Towards efficient catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in the presence of CO2: Cr/SiO2 systems prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis. Catalysis Science & Technology, 6: 840-850. |
| [55] | Silverstein, R. M., Webster F. X., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 6rd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998, pp 90, 108, 140. |
| [56] | Wang, Y., Ren, J., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., & Lu, G. (2008). Facile synthesis of ordered magnetic mesoporous γ-Fe2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites with diverse mesostructures. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 326 (1), 158-165. |
| [57] | Tsoncheva, T., Roggenbuck, J., Paneva, D., Dimitrov, M., Mitov, I., & Fröba, M. (2010). Nanosized iron and chromium oxides supported on mesoporous CeO2 and SBA-15 silica: Physicochemical and catalytic study. Applied Surface Science, 257 (2), 523-530. |
| [58] | Trejda, M., Bryś, M., & Ziolek, M. (2014). Relationship between basicity, reducibility and partial oxidation properties of chromium containing MCM-41. RSC Advances, 4 (108), 62940-62946. |
APA Style
M. Sánchez-Cruz, R. Hernández-Huesca, M. A. Pérez-Cruz, N. R. Silva-González. (2020). Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CrSBA-15 for 2-Propanol Decomposition. Advances in Materials, 9(3), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20200903.11
ACS Style
M. Sánchez-Cruz; R. Hernández-Huesca; M. A. Pérez-Cruz; N. R. Silva-González. Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CrSBA-15 for 2-Propanol Decomposition. Adv. Mater. 2020, 9(3), 42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20200903.11
AMA Style
M. Sánchez-Cruz, R. Hernández-Huesca, M. A. Pérez-Cruz, N. R. Silva-González. Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CrSBA-15 for 2-Propanol Decomposition. Adv Mater. 2020;9(3):42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20200903.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.am.20200903.11,
author = {M. Sánchez-Cruz and R. Hernández-Huesca and M. A. Pérez-Cruz and N. R. Silva-González},
title = {Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CrSBA-15 for 2-Propanol Decomposition},
journal = {Advances in Materials},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {42-49},
doi = {10.11648/j.am.20200903.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20200903.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20200903.11},
abstract = {The chromium mesoporous materials have been used in many catalytic reactions. Some studies have been devoted to determining the nature of chromium species and to characterizing the chemical structure. The different chromium species depend on synthetic methods and the support used. In this work we prepared mesoporous SBA-15 supported chromium materials referred to in this document as xCrSBA-15, was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption isotherms, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform IR (FT-IR). Chromium in SBA-15 forms different types of chromates and Cr2O3, causing morphological and textural changes and generating different catalytic centers. The catalytic conversion of 2-propanol to xCrSBA-15 materials were carried out by in a quartz reactor with a loading of 30 mg of the material at 300°C. Before the catalytic test, the material was activated in two ways: with N2 and reduced at a H2/Ar flow (MxCrSBA-15). The catalytic conversion of 2-propanol to xCrSBA-15 did not increase with reduction (MxCrSBA-15) but decreased deactivation. All the materials had an acidic behavior, which is related to the chromate species in the materials. These results suggest that the more acidic materials favor the formation of coke during the deactivation process, and coke reduces the Cr3+ to Cr2+ species, thus decreasing the acidity of the materials.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of CrSBA-15 for 2-Propanol Decomposition AU - M. Sánchez-Cruz AU - R. Hernández-Huesca AU - M. A. Pérez-Cruz AU - N. R. Silva-González Y1 - 2020/09/08 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20200903.11 DO - 10.11648/j.am.20200903.11 T2 - Advances in Materials JF - Advances in Materials JO - Advances in Materials SP - 42 EP - 49 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2327-252X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20200903.11 AB - The chromium mesoporous materials have been used in many catalytic reactions. Some studies have been devoted to determining the nature of chromium species and to characterizing the chemical structure. The different chromium species depend on synthetic methods and the support used. In this work we prepared mesoporous SBA-15 supported chromium materials referred to in this document as xCrSBA-15, was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption isotherms, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) and Fourier transform IR (FT-IR). Chromium in SBA-15 forms different types of chromates and Cr2O3, causing morphological and textural changes and generating different catalytic centers. The catalytic conversion of 2-propanol to xCrSBA-15 materials were carried out by in a quartz reactor with a loading of 30 mg of the material at 300°C. Before the catalytic test, the material was activated in two ways: with N2 and reduced at a H2/Ar flow (MxCrSBA-15). The catalytic conversion of 2-propanol to xCrSBA-15 did not increase with reduction (MxCrSBA-15) but decreased deactivation. All the materials had an acidic behavior, which is related to the chromate species in the materials. These results suggest that the more acidic materials favor the formation of coke during the deactivation process, and coke reduces the Cr3+ to Cr2+ species, thus decreasing the acidity of the materials. VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -
Email: