In the work exposure to the non-ionizing electro-magnetic radiation from some mobile cellular telephone operators and radio, TV and radar antennas of Bangladesh has been investigated. The mobile telephone operators considered were City cell, Grameenphone, Aktel and BanglaLink. The radio operators studied were 17 in number and all of them were sub stations of Bangladesh Radio. The TV antennas were all of BTV. Together with it 4 radar stations were also studied. The frequency range covered in the investigation is 800 MHz to 2800 MHz. Calculations were done for specific absorption rate (SAR) and consequent rise of temperature in human tissues. Maximum power density value (for far field) observed is that for the BanglaLink operator (= 1.27x10-6 W/m2). SAR values and the corresponding temperature rise were calculated for the eye, brain and nerve tissues exposed to RF fields, for the general public and occupational workers of Bangladesh for each of the mobile operators. Among the tissues, eye showed the highest and nerves the lowest SAR values. Of all the 4 operators Grameenphone possesses the highest SAR values (approximately 1.6 W/kg), still remaining within the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and other safety limits (= 1.6 W/kg). Upto 960 MHz of frequency the mobile operators of Bangladesh show higher SAR values compared to those of the literature. The RF radiation studied does not pose any health hazard for the general public. Temperature rise in 6 minutes time as a consequence of absorption of RF radiation from mobile operators is of the range 0.022 K to 0.763 K
| Published in | American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 1, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18 |
| Page(s) | 104-110 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Non-Ionizing Electro-Magnetic Radiation, Power Density, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Health Hazard, RF Radiation
| [1] | ICNIRP, Guidelines on limits of exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz). International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation. Health Physics 74: 494-522, 1998. |
| [2] | Ueno, S. et al. Experimental difficulties in observing the effects of magnetic fields on biological and chemical processes. IEEE Trans. Mag. 22(5): 868-873, 1986. |
| [3] | Yamaguchi, et al., Effects of exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic waves on rat-reference memory in a T-maze task, 23rd Annual meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, St. Paul, Minn, June 12, 2001. |
| [4] | A. K. Lee et. al., "Electromagnetic Energy absorption in a human head for a cellular phone at 835 MHz," Proceedings of 1998 APMC (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference), Vol. 2, pp 873 -876. |
| [5] | IEEE/ANSI Standards for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz. (Standard C95. 1-1991) Inst. Elec. Electro. Engineers (1992). |
| [6] | A. K. Lee et. al. "Effect of head size for cellular telephone exposure on EM absorption," Submitted to IEICE Trans. On Comm. |
| [7] | Y.O. Ahn et al., "Cross-sectional symptom survey for investigation of health-effect of mobile-phone EMF," KEES, vol. 12, no. 2, 2001. |
| [8] | Epstein, B.R. & Foster, K.R. Anisotropy in the dielectric properties of skeletal muscle. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.,21:25-55.1983. |
| [9] | Herman Cember, Northwest University, "Introduction to Health Physics", Second Edition, McGRAW-HILL, INC. Pergamon Press, Inc. |
| [10] | WHO Meeting on EMF Biological Effects and standards Harmonization in Asia and Oceania. 22-24 October, 2001, Shilla Hotel, Seoul, Korea. |
| [11] | Chiang, B.J. Shao, N.G. Wu, R.Y., H. Li, and Y.D. Fu Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation and phorbolester 12-0-tetra-decanoylphorbol-1 3-acetate on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice, Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 531-538,1994. |
| [12] | Herman Cember, Northwest University, "Introduction to Health Physics", Second Edition, McGRAW-HILL, INC. Pergamon Press, Inc. |
APA Style
A K M Fazlul Hoque, Md. Sazzad Hossain, A Sattar Mollah, Md. Akramuzzaman. (2013). A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 1(3), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18
ACS Style
A K M Fazlul Hoque; Md. Sazzad Hossain; A Sattar Mollah; Md. Akramuzzaman. A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2013, 1(3), 104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18
AMA Style
A K M Fazlul Hoque, Md. Sazzad Hossain, A Sattar Mollah, Md. Akramuzzaman. A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh. Am J Phys Appl. 2013;1(3):104-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18,
author = {A K M Fazlul Hoque and Md. Sazzad Hossain and A Sattar Mollah and Md. Akramuzzaman},
title = {A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh},
journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
pages = {104-110},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20130103.18},
abstract = {In the work exposure to the non-ionizing electro-magnetic radiation from some mobile cellular telephone operators and radio, TV and radar antennas of Bangladesh has been investigated. The mobile telephone operators considered were City cell, Grameenphone, Aktel and BanglaLink. The radio operators studied were 17 in number and all of them were sub stations of Bangladesh Radio. The TV antennas were all of BTV. Together with it 4 radar stations were also studied. The frequency range covered in the investigation is 800 MHz to 2800 MHz. Calculations were done for specific absorption rate (SAR) and consequent rise of temperature in human tissues. Maximum power density value (for far field) observed is that for the BanglaLink operator (= 1.27x10-6 W/m2). SAR values and the corresponding temperature rise were calculated for the eye, brain and nerve tissues exposed to RF fields, for the general public and occupational workers of Bangladesh for each of the mobile operators. Among the tissues, eye showed the highest and nerves the lowest SAR values. Of all the 4 operators Grameenphone possesses the highest SAR values (approximately 1.6 W/kg), still remaining within the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and other safety limits (= 1.6 W/kg). Upto 960 MHz of frequency the mobile operators of Bangladesh show higher SAR values compared to those of the literature. The RF radiation studied does not pose any health hazard for the general public. Temperature rise in 6 minutes time as a consequence of absorption of RF radiation from mobile operators is of the range 0.022 K to 0.763 K},
year = {2013}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh AU - A K M Fazlul Hoque AU - Md. Sazzad Hossain AU - A Sattar Mollah AU - Md. Akramuzzaman Y1 - 2013/12/30 PY - 2013 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18 DO - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18 T2 - American Journal of Physics and Applications JF - American Journal of Physics and Applications JO - American Journal of Physics and Applications SP - 104 EP - 110 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-4308 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20130103.18 AB - In the work exposure to the non-ionizing electro-magnetic radiation from some mobile cellular telephone operators and radio, TV and radar antennas of Bangladesh has been investigated. The mobile telephone operators considered were City cell, Grameenphone, Aktel and BanglaLink. The radio operators studied were 17 in number and all of them were sub stations of Bangladesh Radio. The TV antennas were all of BTV. Together with it 4 radar stations were also studied. The frequency range covered in the investigation is 800 MHz to 2800 MHz. Calculations were done for specific absorption rate (SAR) and consequent rise of temperature in human tissues. Maximum power density value (for far field) observed is that for the BanglaLink operator (= 1.27x10-6 W/m2). SAR values and the corresponding temperature rise were calculated for the eye, brain and nerve tissues exposed to RF fields, for the general public and occupational workers of Bangladesh for each of the mobile operators. Among the tissues, eye showed the highest and nerves the lowest SAR values. Of all the 4 operators Grameenphone possesses the highest SAR values (approximately 1.6 W/kg), still remaining within the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and other safety limits (= 1.6 W/kg). Upto 960 MHz of frequency the mobile operators of Bangladesh show higher SAR values compared to those of the literature. The RF radiation studied does not pose any health hazard for the general public. Temperature rise in 6 minutes time as a consequence of absorption of RF radiation from mobile operators is of the range 0.022 K to 0.763 K VL - 1 IS - 3 ER -
Email: