Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from <i>Cocos nucifera</i> Pulp

Omondi Gilbert Ouma; Malala Joel Bonface; Msanzu Joseph Baya; Anjili Christopher Omukhango; Gicharu Gibson Kamau; Huxley Makonde Mae; Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp

Omondi Gilbert Ouma, Malala Joel Bonface, Msanzu Joseph Baya, Anjili Christopher Omukhango, Gicharu Gibson Kamau, Huxley Makonde Mae, Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 25 January 2018 Accepted: 5 September 2018 Published: 27 February 2019

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Shortage of animal feeds as a result of increased demand and competition for scarcely available animal feeds has led to drastic decrease in animal production globally. In Kenya, utilization of various plant parts including leaves, fruits and bark of various plantations is taking center stage. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) a member of the pulp family Arecaceae has potential to feed animals from its leftovers after utilization for human food. The study sought to analyze proximate nutritional value composition of Coconut pulp leftovers and its formulated diet as well as in vivo growth performance of BALB/c mice. Formulated coconut pulp leftovers were dried before both phytochemical analysis and in vivo growth performance was determined. The Proximate analysis indicated Coconut pulp leftovers contained; 3.50±0.22% crude protein, 34.15±2.48% dry matter, 65.85±3.97% moisture content, 10.50±1.2422% total sugars and 25.00±0.35% total fats. Analysis of formulated coconut pulp diet indicated elevated crude protein 14.23±0.52%, dry matter 35.97±0.52% and total sugars 20.47±4.26% while moisture content 64.10±0.50% and total fats 22.10±0.50% declined. In vivo results for the Coconut pulp leftovers application on mice model to ascertain growth performance were as follows; weight gain 0.80±0.50%, SGR 0.33±0.29%, FCR 241.67±556.67% and conditional factor 0.47±0.12%. For formulated diet it was weight gain 3.90±3.22%, SGR 1.0483±0.91%, FCR 28.23±28.92% and conditional factor 0.58±0.04%. The result indicates Coconut pulp leftovers have potential for animal feeds diet formulation.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Animal Feeds, Coconut Pulp Leftovers, Formulated Diet, Conditional Factor and Arecaceae

References

[1]	AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC. 2000.
[2]	FAO. Poultry feeding in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Food Agricultural Organization (FAO). Agriculture Development paper 82. F AO, Rome. 22pp. 1967.
[3]	Fife BF. Coconut cure: preventing and treating common health problems with coconut. Piccadily Books. Colorado Springs, CO, USA. 2005.
[4]	Gohl B. Tropical feeds. Animal Production and Health Division. 1975. Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) Rome. Paper 98.
[5]	Kadere T. T; R. K. Oniango, P. M. Kutima and S. M. Njoroge 2009; Production, Marketing, and economic importance of Mnazi and other coconut based products in Kenya; Research journ. Agric. 7 Bio. Sciences; 5(5) 815-822.
[6]	McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalg JFD. Animal nutrition. 3^rd ed. Longman, London and Newyork. 1981.
[7]	Payne RW, Murray DA, Harding SA, Baird DA, Soutar DM. an introduction to GenStat for windows, 14^th ed. VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, UK. 2011.
[8]	FAO. Poultry feeding in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Food Agricultural Organization (FAO). Agriculture Development paper 82. F AO, Rome. 25pp. 1995.
[9]	P. McDonald, R. A. Edwards, and J. F. D. Greenhalgh. 1st ed. Longman Group Limited, London (1977). ISBN 10: 0582441579 ISBN 13: 9780582441576
[10]	Mwachiro, E. C and Gakure, R. W. 2011. Factors Affecting the Coconut Industry from Benefitting the Indigenous Communities of Kilifi District, Kenya. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science; 1(4), 209-218.
[11]	Jagadi, M. M, Rundgren, M. and Ogle, R. B. (2016). Chemical characterisation and nutrient evaluation of some Tanzanian plant protein feedstuffs Department of Animal Nutrition and Management. Journal of Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 23(19), 143-167.
[12]	Jayathilakan, K. Khudsia S, Radhakrishna, K and Bawa, A. S. (2012). Utilization of byproducts and waste materials from meat, poultry and fish processing industries: a review. International Journal of Food Science Technology; 49(3): 278–293.
[13]	Food and Drug Association (FDA). 1955. Ingredients and additives. Available online.
[14]	Kedar Nath Mohanta, Sankaran Subramanian and Veeratayya Sidweerayya Korikanthimath (2013). Evaluation of Different Animal Protein Sources in Formulating the Diets for Blue Gourami, Trichogaster Trichopterus Fingerlings; 10.4172/2155-9546.1000164
[15]	Johnny O. Ogunji and Manfred Wirth (2018). Alternative protein sources as substitutes for fishmeal in the diet of young tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus. Institute of freshwater ecology and Inland fisheries; 43(13), 1312-1320.
[16]	Mukhopadhyay Y. and Ray R. (2009). Effect of fermentation on the nutritive value of sesame seed meal in the diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings. International Journal of Aquaculture Nutrition; 5(4):229-236.
[17]	Swick, R. A. (1999). Considerations in using protein meals for poultry and swine. American Soybean Association, Technical Bulletin. 19pp.
[18]	Liu ML, Mars WM, Zarnegar R, Michalopoulos GK (1994) Collagenase pretreatment and the mitogenic effects of hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha in adult rat liver. Hepatology 19: 1521–1527.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Omondi Gilbert Ouma, Malala Joel Bonface, Msanzu Joseph Baya, Anjili Christopher Omukhango, Gicharu Gibson Kamau, et al. (2019). Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp. American Journal of BioScience, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Omondi Gilbert Ouma; Malala Joel Bonface; Msanzu Joseph Baya; Anjili Christopher Omukhango; Gicharu Gibson Kamau, et al. Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp. Am. J. BioScience 2019, 7(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Omondi Gilbert Ouma, Malala Joel Bonface, Msanzu Joseph Baya, Anjili Christopher Omukhango, Gicharu Gibson Kamau, et al. Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp. Am J BioScience. 2019;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11,
  author = {Omondi Gilbert Ouma and Malala Joel Bonface and Msanzu Joseph Baya and Anjili Christopher Omukhango and Gicharu Gibson Kamau and Huxley Makonde Mae and Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi},
  title = {Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20190701.11},
  abstract = {Shortage of animal feeds as a result of increased demand and competition for scarcely available animal feeds has led to drastic decrease in animal production globally. In Kenya, utilization of various plant parts including leaves, fruits and bark of various plantations is taking center stage. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) a member of the pulp family Arecaceae has potential to feed animals from its leftovers after utilization for human food. The study sought to analyze proximate nutritional value composition of Coconut pulp leftovers and its formulated diet as well as in vivo growth performance of BALB/c mice. Formulated coconut pulp leftovers were dried before both phytochemical analysis and in vivo growth performance was determined. The Proximate analysis indicated Coconut pulp leftovers contained; 3.50±0.22% crude protein, 34.15±2.48% dry matter, 65.85±3.97% moisture content, 10.50±1.2422% total sugars and 25.00±0.35% total fats. Analysis of formulated coconut pulp diet indicated elevated crude protein 14.23±0.52%, dry matter 35.97±0.52% and total sugars 20.47±4.26% while moisture content 64.10±0.50% and total fats 22.10±0.50% declined. In vivo results for the Coconut pulp leftovers application on mice model to ascertain growth performance were as follows; weight gain 0.80±0.50%, SGR 0.33±0.29%, FCR 241.67±556.67% and conditional factor 0.47±0.12%. For formulated diet it was weight gain 3.90±3.22%, SGR 1.0483±0.91%, FCR 28.23±28.92% and conditional factor 0.58±0.04%. The result indicates Coconut pulp leftovers have potential for animal feeds diet formulation.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp
AU  - Omondi Gilbert Ouma
AU  - Malala Joel Bonface
AU  - Msanzu Joseph Baya
AU  - Anjili Christopher Omukhango
AU  - Gicharu Gibson Kamau
AU  - Huxley Makonde Mae
AU  - Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi
Y1  - 2019/02/27
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
AB  - Shortage of animal feeds as a result of increased demand and competition for scarcely available animal feeds has led to drastic decrease in animal production globally. In Kenya, utilization of various plant parts including leaves, fruits and bark of various plantations is taking center stage. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) a member of the pulp family Arecaceae has potential to feed animals from its leftovers after utilization for human food. The study sought to analyze proximate nutritional value composition of Coconut pulp leftovers and its formulated diet as well as in vivo growth performance of BALB/c mice. Formulated coconut pulp leftovers were dried before both phytochemical analysis and in vivo growth performance was determined. The Proximate analysis indicated Coconut pulp leftovers contained; 3.50±0.22% crude protein, 34.15±2.48% dry matter, 65.85±3.97% moisture content, 10.50±1.2422% total sugars and 25.00±0.35% total fats. Analysis of formulated coconut pulp diet indicated elevated crude protein 14.23±0.52%, dry matter 35.97±0.52% and total sugars 20.47±4.26% while moisture content 64.10±0.50% and total fats 22.10±0.50% declined. In vivo results for the Coconut pulp leftovers application on mice model to ascertain growth performance were as follows; weight gain 0.80±0.50%, SGR 0.33±0.29%, FCR 241.67±556.67% and conditional factor 0.47±0.12%. For formulated diet it was weight gain 3.90±3.22%, SGR 1.0483±0.91%, FCR 28.23±28.92% and conditional factor 0.58±0.04%. The result indicates Coconut pulp leftovers have potential for animal feeds diet formulation.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Omondi Gilbert Ouma

Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
Malala Joel Bonface

Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
Msanzu Joseph Baya

Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
Anjili Christopher Omukhango

Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Gicharu Gibson Kamau

Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
Huxley Makonde Mae

Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Omondi Gilbert Ouma, Malala Joel Bonface, Msanzu Joseph Baya, Anjili Christopher Omukhango, Gicharu Gibson Kamau, et al. (2019). Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp. American Journal of BioScience, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Omondi Gilbert Ouma; Malala Joel Bonface; Msanzu Joseph Baya; Anjili Christopher Omukhango; Gicharu Gibson Kamau, et al. Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp. Am. J. BioScience 2019, 7(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Omondi Gilbert Ouma, Malala Joel Bonface, Msanzu Joseph Baya, Anjili Christopher Omukhango, Gicharu Gibson Kamau, et al. Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp. Am J BioScience. 2019;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11,
  author = {Omondi Gilbert Ouma and Malala Joel Bonface and Msanzu Joseph Baya and Anjili Christopher Omukhango and Gicharu Gibson Kamau and Huxley Makonde Mae and Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi},
  title = {Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20190701.11},
  abstract = {Shortage of animal feeds as a result of increased demand and competition for scarcely available animal feeds has led to drastic decrease in animal production globally. In Kenya, utilization of various plant parts including leaves, fruits and bark of various plantations is taking center stage. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) a member of the pulp family Arecaceae has potential to feed animals from its leftovers after utilization for human food. The study sought to analyze proximate nutritional value composition of Coconut pulp leftovers and its formulated diet as well as in vivo growth performance of BALB/c mice. Formulated coconut pulp leftovers were dried before both phytochemical analysis and in vivo growth performance was determined. The Proximate analysis indicated Coconut pulp leftovers contained; 3.50±0.22% crude protein, 34.15±2.48% dry matter, 65.85±3.97% moisture content, 10.50±1.2422% total sugars and 25.00±0.35% total fats. Analysis of formulated coconut pulp diet indicated elevated crude protein 14.23±0.52%, dry matter 35.97±0.52% and total sugars 20.47±4.26% while moisture content 64.10±0.50% and total fats 22.10±0.50% declined. In vivo results for the Coconut pulp leftovers application on mice model to ascertain growth performance were as follows; weight gain 0.80±0.50%, SGR 0.33±0.29%, FCR 241.67±556.67% and conditional factor 0.47±0.12%. For formulated diet it was weight gain 3.90±3.22%, SGR 1.0483±0.91%, FCR 28.23±28.92% and conditional factor 0.58±0.04%. The result indicates Coconut pulp leftovers have potential for animal feeds diet formulation.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Growth Performance, Metabolic Efficiency and Nutrient Utilization of BALB/C Mice Fed with Diet Made from Leftovers from Cocos nucifera Pulp
AU  - Omondi Gilbert Ouma
AU  - Malala Joel Bonface
AU  - Msanzu Joseph Baya
AU  - Anjili Christopher Omukhango
AU  - Gicharu Gibson Kamau
AU  - Huxley Makonde Mae
AU  - Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi
Y1  - 2019/02/27
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20190701.11
AB  - Shortage of animal feeds as a result of increased demand and competition for scarcely available animal feeds has led to drastic decrease in animal production globally. In Kenya, utilization of various plant parts including leaves, fruits and bark of various plantations is taking center stage. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) a member of the pulp family Arecaceae has potential to feed animals from its leftovers after utilization for human food. The study sought to analyze proximate nutritional value composition of Coconut pulp leftovers and its formulated diet as well as in vivo growth performance of BALB/c mice. Formulated coconut pulp leftovers were dried before both phytochemical analysis and in vivo growth performance was determined. The Proximate analysis indicated Coconut pulp leftovers contained; 3.50±0.22% crude protein, 34.15±2.48% dry matter, 65.85±3.97% moisture content, 10.50±1.2422% total sugars and 25.00±0.35% total fats. Analysis of formulated coconut pulp diet indicated elevated crude protein 14.23±0.52%, dry matter 35.97±0.52% and total sugars 20.47±4.26% while moisture content 64.10±0.50% and total fats 22.10±0.50% declined. In vivo results for the Coconut pulp leftovers application on mice model to ascertain growth performance were as follows; weight gain 0.80±0.50%, SGR 0.33±0.29%, FCR 241.67±556.67% and conditional factor 0.47±0.12%. For formulated diet it was weight gain 3.90±3.22%, SGR 1.0483±0.91%, FCR 28.23±28.92% and conditional factor 0.58±0.04%. The result indicates Coconut pulp leftovers have potential for animal feeds diet formulation.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download