Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance

Shettima Abubakar; Bello Hauwa Suleiman; Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana; Isa Alhaji Mustafa; Ibn Abbas Musa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance

Shettima Abubakar, Bello Hauwa Suleiman, Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana, Isa Alhaji Mustafa, Ibn Abbas Musa

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 7 June 2016 Accepted: 18 June 2016 Published: 28 July 2016

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Abstract

As the world is facing a great challenge as a result of antibiotic resistance genes among microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics, the exploration of the alternatives are highly essential. Scientist now struggle to eliminate the otherwise easy to treat bacterial infection as well as hospital associated infections “nosocomial infections” like methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistance enterococcus etc. Theoretically, the use of bacteriophages for treatment is simple, though, with the scope of this straightforwardness, a complex pharmacokinetics concerns exist. The basics of drug actions involve two fundamental components: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics entails the study of the interaction of drugs with their receptors, the transduction systems to which these are linked and the changes they bring about in cells, organs, and the whole organism. While phages distribution from compartment a - b is termed phage pharmacokinetics. To achieve immediate distribution of therapeutic phages into the systemic circulation parenteral route was preferred, and oral delivery was mainly used to treat gastrointestinal infections. Human infections successfully treated using phages include, skin ulcers, wound prophylaxis, burns, gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections and otitis etc. PhagoBioderm ® was used in the treatment of skin ulcers, and contains a cocktail of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in patients resistant to other treatment. In conclusion, phage therapy has a greater diversity of mechanisms of action in comparison with antibiotics; it is very clear that phage therapy has many advantages, to harness this, is a challenge particularly in the face of existing rigorous regulatory practices as well as the reluctance of pharmaceuticals to invest in the field as a result of poor intellectual property and many aspects are not patentable because they are natural entities.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
Page(s)	34-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phage Therapy, Antibiotic Resistance, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics

References

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APA Style

Shettima Abubakar, Bello Hauwa Suleiman, Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana, Isa Alhaji Mustafa, Ibn Abbas Musa. (2016). Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance. American Journal of BioScience, 4(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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ACS Style

Shettima Abubakar; Bello Hauwa Suleiman; Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana; Isa Alhaji Mustafa; Ibn Abbas Musa. Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance. Am. J. BioScience 2016, 4(3), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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AMA Style

Shettima Abubakar, Bello Hauwa Suleiman, Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana, Isa Alhaji Mustafa, Ibn Abbas Musa. Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance. Am J BioScience. 2016;4(3):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13,
  author = {Shettima Abubakar and Bello Hauwa Suleiman and Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana and Isa Alhaji Mustafa and Ibn Abbas Musa},
  title = {Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20160403.13},
  abstract = {As the world is facing a great challenge as a result of antibiotic resistance genes among microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics, the exploration of the alternatives are highly essential. Scientist now struggle to eliminate the otherwise easy to treat bacterial infection as well as hospital associated infections “nosocomial infections” like methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistance enterococcus etc. Theoretically, the use of bacteriophages for treatment is simple, though, with the scope of this straightforwardness, a complex pharmacokinetics concerns exist. The basics of drug actions involve two fundamental components: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics entails the study of the interaction of drugs with their receptors, the transduction systems to which these are linked and the changes they bring about in cells, organs, and the whole organism. While phages distribution from compartment a - b is termed phage pharmacokinetics. To achieve immediate distribution of therapeutic phages into the systemic circulation parenteral route was preferred, and oral delivery was mainly used to treat gastrointestinal infections. Human infections successfully treated using phages include, skin ulcers, wound prophylaxis, burns, gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections and otitis etc. PhagoBioderm ® was used in the treatment of skin ulcers, and contains a cocktail of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in patients resistant to other treatment. In conclusion, phage therapy has a greater diversity of mechanisms of action in comparison with antibiotics; it is very clear that phage therapy has many advantages, to harness this, is a challenge particularly in the face of existing rigorous regulatory practices as well as the reluctance of pharmaceuticals to invest in the field as a result of poor intellectual property and many aspects are not patentable because they are natural entities.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance
AU  - Shettima Abubakar
AU  - Bello Hauwa Suleiman
AU  - Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana
AU  - Isa Alhaji Mustafa
AU  - Ibn Abbas Musa
Y1  - 2016/07/28
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
AB  - As the world is facing a great challenge as a result of antibiotic resistance genes among microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics, the exploration of the alternatives are highly essential. Scientist now struggle to eliminate the otherwise easy to treat bacterial infection as well as hospital associated infections “nosocomial infections” like methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistance enterococcus etc. Theoretically, the use of bacteriophages for treatment is simple, though, with the scope of this straightforwardness, a complex pharmacokinetics concerns exist. The basics of drug actions involve two fundamental components: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics entails the study of the interaction of drugs with their receptors, the transduction systems to which these are linked and the changes they bring about in cells, organs, and the whole organism. While phages distribution from compartment a - b is termed phage pharmacokinetics. To achieve immediate distribution of therapeutic phages into the systemic circulation parenteral route was preferred, and oral delivery was mainly used to treat gastrointestinal infections. Human infections successfully treated using phages include, skin ulcers, wound prophylaxis, burns, gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections and otitis etc. PhagoBioderm ® was used in the treatment of skin ulcers, and contains a cocktail of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in patients resistant to other treatment. In conclusion, phage therapy has a greater diversity of mechanisms of action in comparison with antibiotics; it is very clear that phage therapy has many advantages, to harness this, is a challenge particularly in the face of existing rigorous regulatory practices as well as the reluctance of pharmaceuticals to invest in the field as a result of poor intellectual property and many aspects are not patentable because they are natural entities.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Shettima Abubakar

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Bello Hauwa Suleiman

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana

Biotechnology Centre, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Isa Alhaji Mustafa

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Ibn Abbas Musa

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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Shettima Abubakar, Bello Hauwa Suleiman, Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana, Isa Alhaji Mustafa, Ibn Abbas Musa. (2016). Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance. American Journal of BioScience, 4(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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ACS Style

Shettima Abubakar; Bello Hauwa Suleiman; Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana; Isa Alhaji Mustafa; Ibn Abbas Musa. Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance. Am. J. BioScience 2016, 4(3), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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AMA Style

Shettima Abubakar, Bello Hauwa Suleiman, Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana, Isa Alhaji Mustafa, Ibn Abbas Musa. Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance. Am J BioScience. 2016;4(3):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13,
  author = {Shettima Abubakar and Bello Hauwa Suleiman and Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana and Isa Alhaji Mustafa and Ibn Abbas Musa},
  title = {Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {34-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20160403.13},
  abstract = {As the world is facing a great challenge as a result of antibiotic resistance genes among microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics, the exploration of the alternatives are highly essential. Scientist now struggle to eliminate the otherwise easy to treat bacterial infection as well as hospital associated infections “nosocomial infections” like methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistance enterococcus etc. Theoretically, the use of bacteriophages for treatment is simple, though, with the scope of this straightforwardness, a complex pharmacokinetics concerns exist. The basics of drug actions involve two fundamental components: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics entails the study of the interaction of drugs with their receptors, the transduction systems to which these are linked and the changes they bring about in cells, organs, and the whole organism. While phages distribution from compartment a - b is termed phage pharmacokinetics. To achieve immediate distribution of therapeutic phages into the systemic circulation parenteral route was preferred, and oral delivery was mainly used to treat gastrointestinal infections. Human infections successfully treated using phages include, skin ulcers, wound prophylaxis, burns, gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections and otitis etc. PhagoBioderm ® was used in the treatment of skin ulcers, and contains a cocktail of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in patients resistant to other treatment. In conclusion, phage therapy has a greater diversity of mechanisms of action in comparison with antibiotics; it is very clear that phage therapy has many advantages, to harness this, is a challenge particularly in the face of existing rigorous regulatory practices as well as the reluctance of pharmaceuticals to invest in the field as a result of poor intellectual property and many aspects are not patentable because they are natural entities.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Novel Uses of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Human Infections and Antibiotic Resistance
AU  - Shettima Abubakar
AU  - Bello Hauwa Suleiman
AU  - Benisheikh Ali. Abbagana
AU  - Isa Alhaji Mustafa
AU  - Ibn Abbas Musa
Y1  - 2016/07/28
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20160403.13
AB  - As the world is facing a great challenge as a result of antibiotic resistance genes among microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics, the exploration of the alternatives are highly essential. Scientist now struggle to eliminate the otherwise easy to treat bacterial infection as well as hospital associated infections “nosocomial infections” like methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistance enterococcus etc. Theoretically, the use of bacteriophages for treatment is simple, though, with the scope of this straightforwardness, a complex pharmacokinetics concerns exist. The basics of drug actions involve two fundamental components: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics entails the study of the interaction of drugs with their receptors, the transduction systems to which these are linked and the changes they bring about in cells, organs, and the whole organism. While phages distribution from compartment a - b is termed phage pharmacokinetics. To achieve immediate distribution of therapeutic phages into the systemic circulation parenteral route was preferred, and oral delivery was mainly used to treat gastrointestinal infections. Human infections successfully treated using phages include, skin ulcers, wound prophylaxis, burns, gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections and otitis etc. PhagoBioderm ® was used in the treatment of skin ulcers, and contains a cocktail of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in patients resistant to other treatment. In conclusion, phage therapy has a greater diversity of mechanisms of action in comparison with antibiotics; it is very clear that phage therapy has many advantages, to harness this, is a challenge particularly in the face of existing rigorous regulatory practices as well as the reluctance of pharmaceuticals to invest in the field as a result of poor intellectual property and many aspects are not patentable because they are natural entities.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download