Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol

Madhu Sharma; Pooja Chadha; Manoj Kumar Borah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

| Peer-Reviewed

Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol

Madhu Sharma, Pooja Chadha, Manoj Kumar Borah

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 17 November 2015 Accepted: 27 November 2015 Published: 30 December 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC₅₀ was determined (LC₅₀=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously behavioural response was observed for 96 hours of exposure. After LC₅₀ determination three sublethal concentrations were decided and fish were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and differential leucocytes count was calculated. Significant change in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was seen. This study concludes that fish immune system and behaviour are most sensitive parameters to study the stress level in fish.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
Page(s)	278-283
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Behaviour, Leucocytes, Lymphocyte, Monocytes, Neutrophils

References

[1]	Selvaraj, K. K., Shanmugam, G., Sampath, S., Larsson, D. G. J. and Ramaswamy, B. R. GC–MS determination of bisphenol A and alkylphenol ethoxylates in river water from India and their ecotoxicological risk assessment. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 2014; 99: 13–20.
[2]	Rizzo, L. Bioassays as a tool for evaluating advanced oxidation processes in water and wastewater treatment. Wat. Res, 2011; 45: 4311–4340.
[3]	Lozano. N., Rice. C. P., Ramirez, M. and Torrents, A. (2012). Fate of Triclosan and Methyltriclosan in soil from biosolids application. Environ. Pollut, 2012; 160: 103–108.
[4]	Barton, B. A. (2002). Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integ. Com. Bio, 42: 517-525.
[5]	Gerhardt, A. Aquatic behavioral ecotoxicology–prospects and limitations. Human Ecol. Risk Assessment, 2007; 13: 481–491.
[6]	Scott, G. R. and Sloman, K. A. The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity. Aqua. Toxicol, 2004; 68: 369–392.
[7]	Robinson, W. S. Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2009; 38: 337-341.
[8]	Rice, P. J., Drewes, C. D., Klubertanz, T. M., Bradbury, S. P. and Coats, J. R. (1997). Acute toxicity and behavioral effects of chlorpyrifos, permethrin, phenol, strychnine, and 2,4-dinitrophenol to 30-day-old Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1997; 16 (4): 696–704.
[9]	Mishra, A. K. and Mohanty, B. (2008). Histopathological Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in the Ovary of a Fresh Water Fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 80 (6): 507-511.
[10]	Schmidt, K., Steinberg, C. E. W., Pflugmacher, S. and Staaks, G. B. O. (2004). Xenobiotic substances such as PCB mixtures (Aroclor 1254) and TBT can influence swimming behavior and biotransformation activity (GST) of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Environ Toxicol, 2004; 19 (5): 460–470.
[11]	Wendelaar Bonga, S. E. The stress response in fish. Physiol. Rev. 1997. 77: 591-625.
[12]	Srivastva, S. and Choudhary, S. K. Effect of artificial photoperiod on the blood cells indices of the catfish Clarius batrachus. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem, 2010; 6(1): 22-32.
[13]	Davis, A. K., Maney, D. L. and Maerz, J. C. The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: a review for ecologists. Functional Ecol, 2008; 22 (5): 760–772.
[14]	Modra, H., Svobodova, Z. and Kolarova, J. Comparison of differential leucocyte count in fish of economic and indicator importance. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1998; 67: 215-226.
[15]	Ellis, E. A. and Roberts, R. J. Fish pathology. Bailliee Tindall, London. 1978; 318.
[16]	Pandey, S., Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Nagpure, N. S., Srivastava, S. K., Verma, M. S. Acute toxicity bioassays of mercuric chloride and malathion on air breathing fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf, 2005; 61, 114–120.
[17]	Xiao, H. Y., Shao, N. L., Zhang, L., Guo, N. Z. and Hui, S. Z. Evaluation of DNA damage in Chinese toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans) after in vivo exposure to sublethal concentrations of four herbicides using the comet assay. Ecotoxicol, 2008; 17: 280– 286.
[18]	AWWA, APHA, WPCF (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st ed edn. American Publication of Health Association, Washington, DC.
[19]	McLeese, D. W., Zitko, V., Sergeant, D. B., Burridge, L and Metcalfe, C. D. Lethality and accumulation of alkylphenol in aqatic fauna. Chemosphere, 1981; 10: 723-730.
[20]	Servos, M. R. Review of the aquatic toxicity, estrogenic response and bioaccumulation of alkylphenols polyethoxylates. Water Qual. Res. J. Canada, 1999; 34: 123-177.
[21]	Keenleyside, M. H. A. (1979) Diversity and adaptation in fish behaviour. Springer 208.
[22]	Robinson, W. S. (2009). Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. Inter. J. of Epidem, 2009; 38: 337-341.
[23]	Hussain, M. I., Kumar, B. and Ahmad, M. (2015). Acute toxicity, behavioral response and biochemical composition of blood of common carp, Catla catla (Hamilton) to an organophosphate insecticide, Dimethoate. Inter. J. Curr. Micro. Applied Sci, 2015; 4(5): 1189-1199.
[24]	Kumar, M., Kumar, P. and Devi, S. (2015). Toxicity of Copper Sulphate on Behavioural Parameter and Respiratory Surveillance in Freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (Lin.) Res. J. Chem. Environ. Sci, 2015; 3 (1): 22-28.
[25]	Naserabad, S. S., Mirvaghefi, A., Gerami, M. H., Ghafari, H. and Farsani, 1. Acute toxicity and behavioral changes of the Gold Fish (Carassius auratus) exposed to malathion and hinosan. Iranian J. of Toxicol, 2015; 8 (27): 1203-1208.
[26]	Ismail, M., Khan, Q. M., Ali, R., Ali, T. and Mobeen, A. (2014). Genotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in freshwater fish Labeo rohita using Alkaline Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Drug Chemi. Toxicol, 2014; 37 (4): 466–471.
[27]	Jie, X., JianMei, L., Zheng, F., Lei, G., Biao, Z. and Jie, Y. (2013). Neurotoxic effects of nonylphenol: a review. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 2013; 125: 61–70.
[28]	Vidal-Linan, L., Bellas, J., Fumega, J. and Beiras, R. Bioaccumulation of BDE-47 and effects on molecular biomarkers acetylcholinesterase, glutathione- S -transferase and glutathione peroxidase in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels. Ecotoxicol, 2015; 24: 292–300.
[29]	Katja, S., Georg, B. O. S., Stephan, P. and Christian, E. W. S. Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aqua. Toxicol, 2005; 71: 49-59.
[30]	Sinha, T. K. P. and Kumar, K. Acute toxicity of mercuric chloride to Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Environ. Ecol, 1992; 10 (3): 720-722.
[31]	Weber, D. N. and Spieler, R. E. Behavioral mechanisms of metal toxicity in fishes. In: Malins, D.C., Ostrander, G.K. (Eds.), Aquatic Toxicology: Molecular, Biochemical and Cellular Perspectives. CRC Press, London, UK. 1994, pp 421–467.
[32]	Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chatterjee, A., Mahapatra, C. T. and Ayyappan, S. Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf, 2004; 58 (2): 220–226.
[33]	Ramesh, M., Srinivasan, R. and Saravanan, M. Effect of atrazine (Herbicide) on blood parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii: cypriniformes). African J. of Environ. Sci. Techno, 2009; 3 (12): 453 – 458.
[34]	Tavares-Dias, M. and Moraes, F. R. Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Vet. Clin. Pathol, 2007; 36: 49-54.
[35]	Witeska, M., Knodera, E. and Lugowski, K. The effects of Ichthyophthiriasis on some hematological parameters in common carp. Turkish J. Vet. Ani. Sci, 2010; 34 (3): 267-271.
[36]	Singh, N. K., Trivedi, S.P. and Sharma, Y. K. Impact of copper on haematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. J. Environ. Biol, 2008; 29 (2): 253-257.
[37]	Shahi, J., Chauhan, S. and Singh, A. Comparitive study on the haematological effect of synthetic and plant origin pesticides on the fish Channa punctatus. Ind. J. Nat. Pro. Res, 2013; 4 (1): 48-53.
[38]	Venkatarama, M. G. V. and Sandhya Rani, P. N. Acute toxicity and blood profile of freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to malathion. J. Academia and Indust. Res, 2013; 2: 3.
[39]	Queensly, C., Venkadesh, C. and Kumaran, T. Impact of cypermethrin on some haematological parameters in a fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio L. Inter. J. Development Res, 2015; 5 (1): 2899-2903.
[40]	Ghaffar, A., Hussain, R., Khan, A., Abbas, R. Z. and Asad, M. Butachlor induced clinicohematological and cellular changes in freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Rohu). Pak. Vet. J, 2015; 35 (2): 201-206.
[41]	Ajima, M. N. O., Ogo, O. A., Akpa, L. E. and Ajaero, I. Biochemical and haematological responses in African catfish Clarias gariepinus following chronic exposure to NPK (15:15:15) fertilizer. African J. of Aqua. Sci, 2015; 40: 73-79.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Madhu Sharma, Pooja Chadha, Manoj Kumar Borah. (2015). Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol. American Journal of BioScience, 3(6), 278-283. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Madhu Sharma; Pooja Chadha; Manoj Kumar Borah. Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol. Am. J. BioScience 2015, 3(6), 278-283. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Madhu Sharma, Pooja Chadha, Manoj Kumar Borah. Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol. Am J BioScience. 2015;3(6):278-283. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21,
  author = {Madhu Sharma and Pooja Chadha and Manoj Kumar Borah},
  title = {Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {278-283},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20150306.21},
  abstract = {The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC50 was determined (LC50=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously behavioural response was observed for 96 hours of exposure. After LC50 determination three sublethal concentrations were decided and fish were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and differential leucocytes count was calculated. Significant change in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was seen. This study concludes that fish immune system and behaviour are most sensitive parameters to study the stress level in fish.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol
AU  - Madhu Sharma
AU  - Pooja Chadha
AU  - Manoj Kumar Borah
Y1  - 2015/12/30
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 278
EP  - 283
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC50 was determined (LC50=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously behavioural response was observed for 96 hours of exposure. After LC50 determination three sublethal concentrations were decided and fish were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and differential leucocytes count was calculated. Significant change in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was seen. This study concludes that fish immune system and behaviour are most sensitive parameters to study the stress level in fish.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Madhu Sharma

Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Pooja Chadha

Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Manoj Kumar Borah

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab, India

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Madhu Sharma, Pooja Chadha, Manoj Kumar Borah. (2015). Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol. American Journal of BioScience, 3(6), 278-283. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Madhu Sharma; Pooja Chadha; Manoj Kumar Borah. Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol. Am. J. BioScience 2015, 3(6), 278-283. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Madhu Sharma, Pooja Chadha, Manoj Kumar Borah. Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol. Am J BioScience. 2015;3(6):278-283. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21,
  author = {Madhu Sharma and Pooja Chadha and Manoj Kumar Borah},
  title = {Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {278-283},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20150306.21},
  abstract = {The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC50 was determined (LC50=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously behavioural response was observed for 96 hours of exposure. After LC50 determination three sublethal concentrations were decided and fish were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and differential leucocytes count was calculated. Significant change in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was seen. This study concludes that fish immune system and behaviour are most sensitive parameters to study the stress level in fish.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol
AU  - Madhu Sharma
AU  - Pooja Chadha
AU  - Manoj Kumar Borah
Y1  - 2015/12/30
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 278
EP  - 283
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20150306.21
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC50 was determined (LC50=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously behavioural response was observed for 96 hours of exposure. After LC50 determination three sublethal concentrations were decided and fish were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and differential leucocytes count was calculated. Significant change in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was seen. This study concludes that fish immune system and behaviour are most sensitive parameters to study the stress level in fish.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download