The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass

Wim Vegt

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass

Wim Vegt

Published in American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 6 August 2019 Accepted: 16 September 2019 Published: 29 September 2019

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Abstract

Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20^th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication: “Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4^th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.

Published in	American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 7, Issue 2) This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interaction Between Gravity and Light
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11
Page(s)	18-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

General Relativity, Classical Electrodynamics, Relativistic Quantum Physics, Electromagnetic-Gravitational Interaction, Dirac Equation, Maxwell Tensor, Energy Momentum Tensor

References

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[2]	Richard Easther, Brian R Greene, Mark G Jackson and Daniel Kabat; String windings in the early universe, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume 2005, February 2005.
[3]	J. Wheeler, Phys. Rev. 97, 511 (1955).
[4]	Dirk Englund, Arka Majumdar, Michal Bajcsy, Andrei Faraon, Pierre Petroff, and Jelena Vučković; Ultrafast Photon-Photon Interaction in a Strongly Coupled Quantum Dot-Cavity System, Phys. Rev Lett. 108, 093604, March 2012, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.093604.
[5]	L. Filipe O. Costa, Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos, and Oldřich Semerák; Spinning particles in general relativity: Momentum-velocity relation for the Mathisson-Pirani spin condition; Phys. Rev. D 97, 084023 – Published 16 April 2018.
[6]	Ryotaro Kase, Masato Minamitsuji, and Shinji Tsujikawa; Relativistic stars in vector-tensor theories; Phys. Rev. D 97, 084009-Published 9 April 2018.
[7]	Hector O. Silva, Jeremy Sakstein, Leonardo Gualtieri, Thomas P. Sotiriou, and Emanuele Berti; Spontaneous Scalarization of Black Holes and Compact Stars from a Gauss-Bonnet Coupling; Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 131104 (2018) - Published 30 March 2018.
[8]	Jahed Abedi, Hannah Dykaar, and Niayesh Afshordi; Echoes from the abyss: Tentative evidence for Planck-scale structure at black hole horizons; Phys. Rev. D 96, 082004 (2017) - Published 26 October 2017.
[9]	A. Hees, T. Do, A. M. Ghez, G. D. Martinez, S. Naoz, E. E. Becklin, A. Boehle, S. Chappell, D. Chu, A. Dehghanfar, K. Kosmo, J. R. Lu, K. Matthews, M. R. Morris, S. Sakai, R. Schödel, and G. Witzel; Testing General Relativity with Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center; Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 211101 (2017) - Published 25 May 2017.
[10]	J. W. Vegt, A Continuous Model of Matter based on AEONs, Physics Essays, 1995, Volume 8, Number 2, 201-224 A Continuous model of Matter (https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ra7ng)
[11]	J. W. Vegt, Unified 4-Dimensional Hyperspace Equilibrium beyond Einstein 4-Dimensional, Kaluza-Klein 5-Dimensional and Superstring 10- and 11 Dimensional Curved Hyperspaces (https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/vq2a4)
[12]	J. M. Maldacena, Black Holes in String Theory, Princeton University, arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/960723533.
[13]	V. C. de Andrade and J. G. Pereira, Gravitational Lorentz force and the description of the gravitational interaction, Phys. Rev. D 56, 468.
[14]	Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Motion of a Relativistic Particle and the Vacuum, Physics Essays, vol 10, no 3, 1997, 407-416, arXiv: quant-ph/9903077.
[15]	Donald H Kobe; Quantum power in de Broglie–Bohm theory; Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, Volume 40-Number 19, Published 24 April 2007.
[16]	J. W. Vegt. Origin of “De Broglie Waves” (Calculations in Mathematica 11.0 in PDF format) Publisher Wolfram. https://doi.or/10.31219/osf.io/gbn4p.
[17]	J. W. Vegt. Calculations in Mathematica. Solutions for an electromagnetic field under the influence of a longitudinal gravitational field.

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Wim Vegt. (2019). The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 7(2), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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Wim Vegt. The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2019, 7(2), 18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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AMA Style

Wim Vegt. The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2019;7(2):18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11,
  author = {Wim Vegt},
  title = {The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass},
  journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20190702.11},
  abstract = {Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication: “Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass
AU  - Wim Vegt
Y1  - 2019/09/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11
T2  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JO  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
SP  - 18
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication: “Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Wim Vegt

Department of Physics, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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APA Style

Wim Vegt. (2019). The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 7(2), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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ACS Style

Wim Vegt. The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2019, 7(2), 18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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AMA Style

Wim Vegt. The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2019;7(2):18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11,
  author = {Wim Vegt},
  title = {The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass},
  journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20190702.11},
  abstract = {Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication: “Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Inertia of Light and the Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties of Electro-magnetic Mass
AU  - Wim Vegt
Y1  - 2019/09/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11
T2  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JO  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
SP  - 18
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-4686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20190702.11
AB  - Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication: “Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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